Mental modelUse the model to simplify a difficult commitment decision. It is a lens, not a substitute for evidence.

The model

Instead of only asking how the deal succeeds, ask what conditions would make the promise fail economically or operationally.

Apply it

What would make the implementation late? What would make the SLA expensive? What would make the custom scope exceed budget? What would make collection slip?

Turn failure modes into evidence

For each material failure mode, identify the assumption or dependency that would prevent it. If the dependency is unproven, you have found an evidence gap.

Use it constructively

Inversion should create mitigation and repair, not pessimism. The goal is to remove avoidable failure modes while preserving the customer outcome.

Ask how the promise breaks before reality answers for you.